Project Feasibility Study

BREAKFAST: Brunch Egg Breakfast Recipe Ingredients: 6 eggs, beaten 6 slices bacon, cooked and crumbled 2 cups unseasoned croutons 1 1/2 cup shredded cheddar cheese 2 1/2 cups milk 1/2 teaspoon mustard 1/8 teaspoon onion powder 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 dash pepper Directions: 1. Place croutons and cheese in the bottom of a greased 9Ãâ€"13 pan. 2. Combine eggs, milk and seasonings; pour into baking dish. 3. Sprinkle with bacon. 4. Bake at 325 until set (55-65 min). Serve immediately. BEEF TAPA AND LONGGANISA Ingredients: Skinless Longanisa/ Longanisa Nuggets 350g ground pork tbsp soy sauce 1/2 tsp salt 5 cloves garlic, smashed and minced 1 tbsp vinegar 1 tbsp Mirin (sweet rice wine) (optional, or Worshteshire sauce) 1 tsp ground pepper 2 tbsp sugar Procedure: 1. Mix all ingredients 2. Scoop a mixture using a tbsp, put it into the wax paper/cling wrap and roll the wrap and shape it like a sausage, mini sausage. The wrap will serve as a the longanisa cover and to separate one from the other, and it should be removed before frying. OR if you want to eat it immediately, scoop a mixture, shaped it like a sausage or any shape you want, then fry them. . Store longanisa in the freezer (2 to 3 days), when you want to eat them, boil a little water (4 tbsp) and put your longanisa (unwrapped) , cover it for 5 mins, remove longanisa and fry them. serve with garlic-chili-vinegar. A little burnt on the outside won't hurt, it's more yummy.. LUNCH: CHICKEN DRUMMETS Ingredients: 10 pieces chicken drumsticks 1/2 cup garlic ranch dressing 1 1/4 cups breadcrumbs 1 (8-gram) pack Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning Procedure: 1 Toss and coat drumsticks with garlic ranch dressing. Chill in the refrigerator for 30 minutes. In a large bowl, mix together breadcrumbs with Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning. Roll each drumstick in breadcrumb-seasoning mixture until well-coated. 3 Deep-fry drumsticks in hot oil until golden and cooked through. Coco nutty Shrimps Ingredients: 1/4 kilo large shrimps (about 2 dozens) 1/2 cup dessicated coconut 3/4 cup garlic peanuts 1/3 cup flour 1 egg, lightly beaten 1 tablespoon lime juice salt and pepper to taste lime wedges for squeezing Procedure: 1 Devein and peel shrimps leaving tail intact. 2 Pat dry shrimps using a napkin. Transfer to a plate. Lightly sprinkle with salt and pepper. Using a food processor, process together coconut and peanuts until finely chopped. 4 Place flour in a bowl and season with salt and pepper. In another bowl, combine egg and lime juice. In a third bowl, place processed coconut and peanuts. 5 Dip shrimps one at a time first in flour mixture, second in egg and lime mixture, then in coconut-peanut mixture. 6 Deep-fry in hot oil until golden; about 3 minutes. Serve with lime wedges. DINNER: Ingredients: 3 lb whole chicken legs; drumsticks and thighs 3/4 cup distilled white vinegar 2 garlic cloves; crushed 1 bay leaf 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper 6 tablespoons soy sauceProcedure: In a large kettle combi ne the chicken, the vinegar, the garlic, the bay leaf, the pepper and 1/2 cup water. Bring the mixture to a boil and simmer it, covered, for 20 minutes. Add the soy sauce and simmer the mixture, covered, for 20 minutes. Transfer the chicken with tongs to an oven-proof platter and discard the outer skin. Place platter in oven and grill both sides for about 15 minutes until browned. Strain the broth through a sieve, return it to the kettle and boil for 10 minutes or until it is reduced to about 1/2 cup Remove chicken from the oven, pour the sauce over it and serve with rice.Bistek Filipino Style Beef Steak Ingredients________________________________________ †¢400grams of beef fillet, thinly sliced †¢75ml light soy sauce †¢75ml dark soy saucet †¢250ml water †¢juice of 1 lemon †¢2 tablespoons of vegetable oil †¢1 large onion, sliced in rings How to make it ________________________________________ †¢In a pan add the beef, along with the soy sauces, water and lemon juice. Bring to the boil and let it simmer for about 10-15 mins until the beef is tender. Taste the sauce. If it's too sour, add more soy sauce or if too salty, add more lemon juice.It should be a balance of sourness and saltiness. †¢Once tender, remove the liquid to a bowl and leave aside. Let any remaining liquid in the pan evaporate off then add the oil. Gently fry the beef for a couple of minutes then add the onions. Cook till the onions are translucent and still have a little crunch. Add back the liquid and let simmer for another 2 minutes. †¢Serve with steam rice. DESSERT Creme Brulee You can prepare and eat this as is, or make it a touch more interesting with fruits and chopped chocolates. Makes 6 to 8 cups Prep and Cooking Time 45 minutes 2 cups cream vanilla bean, split lengthwise 6 egg yolks 1/4 cup white sugar 1/4 cup confectioners' or powdered sugar 1 Preheat oven to 160? C. 2 In a heavy saucepan, bring the cream to a boil together with the van illa bean. 3 In a large bowl, beat together egg yolks and sugar until pale yellow in color. 4 Set aside vanilla bean and pour the boiling cream to the yolk-sugar mixture. Mix well. 5 With the tip of a paring knife, scrape the insides of the vanilla bean. Add scrapings to the cream and discard the pod. 6 At this point, you can add fruits or chopped chocolate to each ramekin or oven-proof cup as desired.Fill the mold with the custard mixture until half a centimeter from the rim. 7 Line the bottom of a shallow baking tray (about 2 inches high) with a dishcloth. Place ramekins on the tray and fill the tray halfway with water. 8 Bake in the oven for 15 to 20 minutes. Let cool, then chill in the refrigerator. 9 Before serving, dust the top with a thin layer of icing sugar. Caramelize the sugar using a gas torch or an oven broiler until you achieve a crisp, dark brown coat. BAKED RECIPES Shrimp-Stuffed Zucchini Flowers (Fiori Di Zucca Ripieni Con Gamberi) Ingredients ounces (226 g) large s hrimp, preferably wild, peeled and deveined 12 grape tomatoes, finely chopped 1 teaspoon chopped thyme 2 tablespoons (30 ml) extra-virgin olive oil Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper 12 zucchini flowers, washed, and trimmed Bottom of Form Directions Position a rack in the center of the oven and heat the oven to 350 °F (180 °C). Finely chop the shrimp and then transfer to a medium bowl. Add the tomatoes, thyme, 1 tablespoon of the oil, and a pinch of salt and pepper; mix well. Fill the zucchini flowers with 1 heaping tablespoon of the shrimp filling.Arrange on a small baking dish and then drizzle with the remaining oil and sprinkle with a pinch of salt. Bake in the oven until the flowers are lightly golden, and the shrimp is cooked through, 7 to 10 minutes. Remove from the oven. Rich Chocolate Cake with Salty Dulce de Leche & Hazelnut Brittle o o1 cup freshly brewed hot coffee o1/2 cup Dutch-processed cocoa powder o3/4 cup packed light brown sugar o1/2 cup plain whole-mi lk yogurt o2 teaspoons vanilla extract o8 tablespoons (1 stick) unsalted butter, at room temperature o1 1/4 cups granulated sugar o1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 3/4 teaspoon baking soda o1 teaspoon table salt o2 eggs oTOPPING: o1 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt o1/2 cup dulce de leche oHAZELNUT BRITTLE (makes about 2 cups): o6 tablespoons (3/4 stick) unsalted butter o1/2 cup sugar o1 tablespoon light corn syrup o1/8 teaspoon baking soda o1/8 teaspoon table salt o1/2 cup whole unsalted hazelnuts, skins removed Directions Preheat the oven to 350 °F. Prepare a 10-inch round cake pan by greasing it with cooking spray and then lining the bottom with parchment paper. To make the cake, pour the hot coffee into a medium bowl and stir in the cocoa powder until it dissolves.Stir in the brown sugar, followed by the yogurt and the vanilla. Stir thoroughly to ensure that all of the ingredients are incorporated. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the butter and gra nulated sugar on medium speed until light-yellow and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Scrape down the sides of the bowl. Add the eggs and mix for 2 minutes, scraping down the bowl as needed. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt. With the mixer running on low speed, mix in a third of the flour mixture and half of the coffee mixture.Scrape down the bowl. Add another third of the flour mixture and all the remaining coffee mixture. Remove the bowl from the mixer and, using a rubber spatula, fold in the remaining flour mixture until all of the ingredients are fully incorporated. Pour the batter into the prepared cake pan. Bake for 25 minutes. Rotate the pan in the oven and bake for 20 more minutes, or until a cake tester inserted in the center of the cake comes out clean. Remove the pan from the oven and let the cake cool in the pan for 20 minutes.Then turn the cake out onto a clean plate, remove the parchment, and turn the cake back over onto a wire rack. Let the ca ke cool completely. In a food processor, pulse the brittle pieces 3 to 4 times until the brittle is powdery. Put the cooled cake on a serving dish. In a microwave-safe dish, heat the dulce de leche on high power for 30 seconds, or until it is just liquid. Spoon the dulce de leche over the cake, and then sprinkle the kosher salt over the dulce de leche. Sprinkle about ? cup of the ground brittle around the outer edge of the cake as a delicious decoration.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Gdp

London School of Commerce Belgrade A Critical Analysis Of Real GDP Subject: Managerial EconomicsMentor:Student: Maja Paunovic Mirko Lazarevic Belgrade 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY3 INTRODUCTION2. ADVANTAGES OF REAL GDP43. LIMITATIONS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF REAL GDP4 3. 1 RENEWABLE FINITE RESOURCE5 3. 2 OLD AND CHILD CARE5 3. 3 UNDERGROUND ECONOMY5 3. 4 UNEMPLOYMENT6 3. 5 THE INFLATION RATE6 3. 6 POLUTTION7 3. 7 LEISURE7 3. 8 POPULATION7 3. 9 INEQUALITY OF WEALTH7 4. CONCLUSION8 REFERENCES9 1. Executive summaryThe gross domestic indicator (GDP) is one of the main indicators used to measure the health of a country’s economy. GDP represents the sum of all goods produces over a specific period of time or in other words it is the size of the economy. Usually, GDP is compared to the previous quarter or year. As an example, if a yearly measurement was taken and the GDP went up 3%, this means that the economy has grown by 3% over the last year. Measuring GDP can be complicated, the calculation can be done in one of three ways: the product method, the income method and the expenditure method.The fi rst method of measuring GDP is to sum up the value of all goods and services produced in the country. Basically, we focus on firms and add up all their production. This method is known as the product method. The second approach is the income method which is focused on the incomes generated from the production of goods and services. When we look back, we will see that this is the same as the sum of all values added at each stage of production. The added value is basically the difference between a firm’s income from sales and the cost of its purchases from other firms.The difference is made up of wages and salaries, rent, interest and profit. Basically, it consists of the incomes produced by those involved in the production process. The final approach to calculating GDP is to add up all expenditure on final output. Which includes the following: consumer expenditure, government expenditure, investment expenditure, exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services. This final method is called the expenditure method. 1 Introduction Economic production and growth, what GDP represents, has a huge impact on nearly everyone within that economy.In order to analyze the health of an economy or examine economic growth, it’s necessary to have a way to measure the size of an economy. Economists usually measure the size of an economy by the amount of stuff it produces. When GDP is calculated in relation to the population of a country this is known as the average GDP per capita. This is often used as an indicator of a country’s standard of living. When calculating GDP international incomes are not included, even those earned by domestic workers in other countries. However, as a measure of the standard of living in a country, GDP has its limitations and shortcomings. . Advantages of real GDP You can use GDP to examine all economies of the world, from the USA to Somalia. No matter if a country is churning out fishing equipment or cars, all of i ts products have a certain monetary value, which added up gives a universally recognized measure. This measure is especially helpful if you consider how different economies around the world are in terms of the goods and services they produce, and the way they reinvest their income – pay back debts or invest in industry sectors. GDP is dynamic; it changes constantly based on new figures on productivity, consumption and investments.Therefore, economists and decision makers can use GDP to measure an economy’s growth or decline. However, they can only do that provided they have an established and accurate mechanism to measure GDP value regularly; without that, they don’t have any data to compare whether present activity is worth more or less than in the past. By removing inflation, real GDP allows economists to make more accurate comparisons between countries and across multiple years. Multinational corporations use real GDP when deciding where to send their investm ent dollars or headquarter their operations. National governments use real GDP to set currency exchange rate targets and evaluate the effectiveness of economic policy by comparing one year’s real GDP data against other years. Central banks put significant weight on real GDP data when determining interest rates and other fiscal policy. Real GDP is also used to compute economic growth, known as the GDP growth rate. This is calculated by comparing each quarter to the previous one. If real GDP were not used, then you wouldn’t know whether it was real growth, or just price and wage increases.The ideal GDP growth rate is between 2-3%. The GDP growth rate is critical for investors to adjust the asset location in their portfolios. Investors also compare countries’ GDP growth rates – countries with strong growth attract more investors for their corporate stocks, bonds and even their own sovereign debt.3. Limitations and shortcoming of real GDP GDP per capita is not a direct increase of living standards and qu ality of life in a country, so policies aimed at maximizing GDP may be seen as ill conceived. This is due to many reasons, including;3.1 Renewable finite resource: Most of country may grow rapidly by exploiting their non-renewable finite resources such as oil and forests. They may also over- exploit resources which renew slowly, such as fish and wildlife. While current living standards may be high, those of future generations may be jeopardized. Therefore, GDP is unable to act as an indicator of future welfare. For example; the fishing industry in Europe is currently facing many problems as a result of over fishing in the past. This has had a significant impact on the GDP of European countries.GDP measures the total value of output produced, but it cannot distinguish between the effects of different types of output on living standards. For example; two countries have the same GDP per capita, but country A has a well-funded education and health system, whereas country B has a well-eq uipped army. It is obvious that country A will have higher living standards than country B, but this is not apparent from their GDP figures.3. 2 Old and Child Care: If you care for your parents when they're old and enfeebled, it doesn't contribute to GDP, but if you pay someone else to care for them, it does contribute.The same goes for childcare and mental illness. The act of caring for the permanently sick, however compassionate that may be, is a use of resources for no tangible gain. Therefore, it does not contribute to GDP' For these reasons, some people prefer to use other indicator to measure a country's standard of living. These social indicators take non-economic factors into account, such as literacy rate, and life expectancy. Some examples are the physical quality of life index (PQLI), the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Basic Well-being Index (BWI).3. 3 Underground economy: Oliver (2006) in his book ‘Macroeconomics' states about the underground economy as fol lows: ‘Underground economy is the part of economic activity not measured in official statistics, either because the activity is illegal, or because firms and workers would rather not report it to avoid paying taxes – is an old issue in Spain'. (p 45) Black market: Michael & Charles (1993) describes that everybody wants to take advantage of a carpenter's, car mechanics, or painter's, offer to do some work without a receipt.Agents engage in the black, or underground, economy for straight-forward reasons. First, they want to avoid taxes (the value added tax, employment and social security charges, profit taxes). Another reason is that criminal activities, such as drug dealing, prostitution, or racketeering, are obviously better kept underground. (p24) Different countries may have different sizes of informal/ ‘black' economy (e. g. crime, subsistence farming, drug dealer, and bartering and cash payments) and this is not taken into account by those who calculate GDP.GD P will therefore underestimate the actual value of output. For example; Russia has a very large black economy, so its relatively small GDP is a poor indicator of actual income and living standards. (Source: John Sloman, 2006, 6th ed,)3. 4 Unemployment: Oliver (2006) states that unemployment is the number of people who do not have job but are looking for one. It directly effects on the welfare of the unemployed. Although unemployment benefits are greater today than they were during the great Depression, unemployment is still often associated with financial and psychological suffering. It is not the question how much suffering depends on the nature of the unemployment. Real GDP is failure to measure unemployment of a country.3. 5 The Inflation Rate: Oliver (2006) states that ‘Inflation is a sustained rise in the general level of prices in the economy-called the price level. The inflation rate is the rate at which the price level increases. (Conversely, deflation is a sustained d ecline in the price level. It corresponds to a negative inflation rate)'. If the price level increase nothing happened for the rich people but something happened for the poor people. As example, some Asian Country there GDP is high, price of goods is also high, and the rich people can easily buy the goods because there income is high. But poor people which income is low they can't buy the goods. The real GDP mean per people per capital so real GDP can't measure the inflation rate which mean Standard of living.3. 6 Pollution: Environment is very important part of Standard of living. But this important part is polluted in many ways. Industry is produce lot of product. On the other hand, at the same time industry is throwing wastage or rubbish, smoke and useless chemicals.It is polluting environment by motor and vehicles which making sound and air pollution. Climate change is a big factor for standard of living. Power station and chemical plant which cause global warm and for that reas on why some countries like Maldives and south part of Bangladesh going down under water. Also High GDP per capita might be accompanied by high levels of pollution and exploitation of the workforce, thus causing a decrease in living standards which is not reflected in GDP figures. Therefore, GDP may overestimate living standards in a country. Here real GDP can't measure Standard of living. (Source: John Sloman, 2006)3. 7 Leisure: Leisure is important for every age. By growing GDP people going to be like machineries. People are all time busy for their earning money to build up their life. They don't have time for entertainment like cinema, game; party also there is not enough leisure centers where people can go easily. When people not involved with recreation to have proper leisure, it is not even mentionable whether the current GDP is high or low in the country. So, real GDP fails to measure the Standard of living.3. 8 Population: Population is a big impact of standard of living. Mos t of third world county has been suffering of this problem (Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan). If the population increase GDP automatic decrease as a result standard of living of county go down. Real GDP cannot solve the countrymen problem.3. 9 Inequality wealth: GDP per capita is not an indicator of the distribution of wealth, because when GDP increases, this extra wealth may be received by only a small section of society with the rest of society even worse off. For example; the GDP of oil producing countries like Saudi Arabia is very high, but the wealth is only shared among a small minority of citizens, while the majority of citizens living relative poverty. (John Sloman, 2006) GDP can only measure the material standard of living, without taking into account the quality of life as perceived by each individual, which cannot be standardized across a population or countries. Let’s take USA and France for example.The USA had a GDP per capita of USD 46, 900 in 2008 (http://www. indexmundi. om/united_states/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html) while France had 45, 982 (http://www. indexmundi. com/france/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html). Not a big difference, France trails by a little. Now let’s consider how well are people in each country – In the happy planet index, France ranks 71 while the USA ranks 114, just below Madagascar. People in France are much happier than people in the USA. They have better and free healthcare, free education and so on. Besides these two countries Costa Rica has a GDP much lower than both (http://www. ndexmundi. com/costa_rica/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html) but its people are considered to be the happiest in the world. Some countries, even though they have low GDP’s, its people are better off. Countries that one rarely hears of have very good life expectancies like in Andorra, Cayman Islands, and so on. (http://www. happyplanetindex. org/data/).4. Conclusion GDP discusses how economists measure the total growth of a nation. At this point it is important to know about how the GDP is doing in the change of standard life style.It is already assumed that real GDP shows the total amount of growth in value in specific year. Economist can predict what to achieve and what is the difference in achievement by the end of the year. As we have seen that real GDP is countable by the value, it is easy to know for any people to predict what further contribution needed in the country. But whatever the economist prediction is, the economic factors should be remain same. Without the economic factors stability, the total development of the country is not possible.References:1.John Sloman & Dean Garratt (2010), Essentials of Economics, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall. (Pages259-267)2. (John Sloman. 6th edn , 2006).3. Oliver Blanchard (2006), ‘Macroeconomics, 4th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.4. Michael Burda & Charles Nyplosz (1993), Introduction to Macroeconomics, 1st Edition. Oxford University Press.5. http://www. indexmundi. com/united_states/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html6. http://www. indexmundi. com/france/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html7. http://www. indexmundi. com/costa_rica/gdp_per_capita_(ppp). html 8. http://www. happyplanetindex. org/data/

Ralph Ellison s Invisible Man - 1268 Words

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Personal Statement First Semester - 2132 Words

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Dental Care Pedo free essay sample

Tips for your childs diet and Dental Health * Ask your dentist to help you assess your childs diet. * Avoid stocking your pantry with sugary or starchy snacks. * Limit the number of snack times. Stick to nutritious snacks * Provide a balanced diet, and save foods with sugar or starch For mealtimes. * DO NOT put your child to bed with a bottle of formula, milk, or juice. * Shop for sugar free candy or soda. **Dental Care for Children and Adults with Special Needs** Pediatric dentists have two or more yrs of advanced training beyond dental school. Their education as specialists focused on care for children with special needs. The offices are designed to be physically accessible for special needs patients. The dentist has education in behavior management, sedation and anesthesia techniques. They will select the best technique based on the specific health needs; discuss the benefits, limits and risks of that technique. We will write a custom essay sample on Dental Care Pedo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page **Dental care for babies** Start at birth, clean your childs gums with A soft infant toothbrush or cloth and water. as soon as the teeth appear, start brushing 2 times a day using fluoride toothpaste and a oft age appropriate sixed toothbrush. Smear toothpaste to brush the teeth for children less then 2 yrs old. pea-size amount of toothpaste for 2-5 yrs. Before graduating, dental student must successfully complete the National Board Dental Examination ( Parts I and II) Part 1 – biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, and dental anatomy and occlusion. Part 2- pharmacology, Endo, Perio, OS, Pros, ortho, Pedo,oral pathology and radiology. Pain control Degrees granted. D. D. S D. M. D- There are 61 schools of dentistry in 36 states and Puerto Rico Pedodontics is a Branch of Dentistry dealing with children from birth through adolescence (0 – 12yrs old) also specialize in the care of â€Å"special needs† patients. It is Recognized by the American Dental Assoc.

Question What Is Religion free essay sample

Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. However, according to Emile Durkheim in ;Kenneth D. Allan (2 November 2005). Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. Pine Forge Press. p. 115. religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church all those who adhere to them. Religion is generally born out of culture where members of the culture create a system of beliefs and values. They also establish symbols that represent the belief structure and hold special meaning for believers. There are five major religions of the world these are: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. We will write a custom essay sample on Question What Is Religion? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Religions can be divided geographically. The content of this essay will focus on Judaism and Islam. This section will begin by the writer giving a brief overview of both religions. Judaism is a one of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism was born about 4000 years ago. Many famous people have been Jewish such as Moses, Jesus, Mahler, Marx, Freud, and Einstein. The history of Jewish people hasn’t been that easy. From the slavery in Egypt to the Holocaust in Europe, the Jewish people have lived a life filled with prejudice. It began with Abraham, the first Jewish person. It is Jewish belief that he made a covenant with God and was promised that he would be the father of a great nation. That nation became the Jewish people. Abraham and his sons and grandsons were called the â€Å"patriarchs†. They were Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson. Jacob’s favorite son Joseph was also an important part of the early history. It was because of Jacob’s sons and their wrong doings that Joseph ended up in Egypt, eventually leading many Jewish people into the land of Egypt. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a set of rules that people even today still follow. After Moses, the Jewish people had different leaders called judges, and then kings such as David and Solomon to guide them in the land called Israel. Jewish people lived in the land of Israel until 586BCE when they were exiled by the Babylonians. It wasn’t until 1948, about 2000 years later, that Jewish people were able to return to that land. History of Judaism: General Observations. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2004. Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service. Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C. E. Islam, which literally means surrender or submission, was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the sacred text of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were revealed to him from Allah. Essential to Islam is the belief that Allah is the one and true God with no partner or equal. Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shia, each of which claims different means of maintaining religious authority. One of the unifying characteristics of Islam is the Five Pillars, the fundamental practices of Islam. These five practices include a ritual profession of faith, ritual prayer, the zakat (charity), fasting, and the hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). Many Muslims are characterized by their commitment to praying to Allah five times a day. One of the defining characteristics of Islam is the primacy of sacred places including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims gather at mosques to worship Allah, pray, and study scripture. There is not a sharp distinction between the religious and secular aspects of life in Islam; all aspects of a Muslims life are to be oriented to serving Allah. Islam expanded almost immediately beyond its birthplace in the Arabian peninsula, and now has significant influence in Africa, throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (2006) and the Religious Movements Page at the University of Virginia. The writer will also state five similairites about each religion and five differences. one common thing to both is that there is originator of each religion. The people of each religion endured hardships in their beginnings. Each religion had a major prophet, Judaism had Moses and Islam had Muhammad. The prophets of each religion received their book from God. They are also all monotheistic religions meaning both religions believe there is only one God. Both Jews and Muslims deny that Jesus is Divine or the son of God. Both believe that at least at one point in history Israel was the chosen nation by God. They also believe in angels and demons. They also believe that salvation can be given through correct belief and good deeds. The only ritual that these two religions have in common is prayer. The differences existing between both religions are relevant and one should be aware so as to be tolerant of each. In this paragraph this writers main objective is to highlight the differences between the Muslims and the Jews. The holy book of Judaism is called the Torah. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran. Muslims believe that there are some more prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad, whereas Jews reject both. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the Seal of all prophets. Jew do not accept that. The Muslim diet is much less restricted than the Jewish diet. Muslims believe that God had abandoned the nation of Israel as a result of their sins. Jews believe that their covenant with God can never be broken. Having compared both religions the objective of the writer is further expand on of each. The common ritual in both religion is prayer and so it will be explained. â€Å"New step In Religious Education† by Micheal Keene pages 64-65, 1997. Published by Stanley Thornes. States Prayer is the most important part of Muslims worship. There are two kinds of prayer in Islam. The salah is the most vital. The salah is a sequence of prayers done with both action and words. The sequence is called the rak’ah. It is compulsory that two rak’ah are done during the morning prayers, four at noon, three at sunset and four at night. This is preferably done in a mosque or in any clean place. During rak’ah worshippers stand, bows , kneels and touches the ground with his forehead. During Friday prayers in the mosque the imam leads all the worshipers through the sequence. Prayers are said in Arabic . While they pray the entire congregation turns towards the mihrab, so they are facing the holy city of Makkah. Worshippers can say his/ her own private prayers at the end of the set of prayers. These prayer du’a , are said in worshippers own language. These are ‘prayers of the heart’ and end with the person wiping their hands across the face to show they have received God’s blessing. The most important paryers are the ones which Muslims join with others. Muslims are expected to pray all the time. All that is required is a clean place, as this cannot be guaranteed, however the strict Muslim will use a prayer mat, called the Musulla. The mat is use facing Mekkah, which is located using a compass. In every religion prayer is an important element recitation of prayers is the central characteristic of Jewish worship. A Jewish law was passed which states that prayer should be done three times aily: in the morning, in the afternoon and at nightfall. These prayers are called morning prayer (shacharit), afternoon prayer (minchah) and evening prayer (arvith or maariv ). At the heart of each service is the Amidah or Shemoneh Esrei. Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the Shema Yisrael (or Shem a). The Shema is the recitation of a verse from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4): Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad—Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God! The Lord is One! Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a minyan. In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well. In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning, before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal, and so on. The approach to prayer varies among the Jewish denominations. Differences can include the texts of prayers, the frequency of prayer, the number of prayers recited at various religious events, the use of musical instruments and choral music, and whether prayers are recited in the traditional liturgical languages or the vernacular. In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services. Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah. In addition, many Reform temples use musical accompaniment such as organs and mixed choirs. Micheal Keene pages 62-63, (1997). The New Steps in Religious Education ( 2nd Edition). Stanley Thornes. Publishers. Name: Kedesha Pennicook Date: September 27,2012 Question What is religion? There are similarities and differences among the religions of the world. List five similarities and five differences and explain one of each (similiarities amp; differences). Introduction Barns amp; Noble (Cambridge) Encyclopedia (1990), States that the English word religion is derived from the Middle English religioun which came from the Old French religion. It may have been originally derived from the Latin word religo which means good faith, ritual, and other similar meanings. Or it may have come from the Latin religare which means to tie fast. In our society religion means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. This paper will provide a definition for religion, tell five simialrities and differences that exist between Judaism and Islam and slow will explain one of each. What is religion? Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. However, according to Emile Durkheim in ;Kenneth D. Allan (2 November 2005). Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. Pine Forge Press. p. 115. religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church all those who adhere to them. Religion is generally born out of culture where members of the culture create a system f beliefs and values. They also establish symbols that represent the belief structure and hold special meaning for believers. There are five major religions of the world these are: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Religions can be divided geographically. The content of this essay will focus on Judaism and Islam. This section will begin by the writer giving a brief overview of both religions. Judaism is a one of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism was born about 4000 years ago. Many famous people have been Jewish such as Moses, Jesus, Mahler, Marx, Freud, and Einstein. The history of Jewish people hasn’t been that easy. From the slavery in Egypt to the Holocaust in Europe, the Jewish people have lived a life filled with prejudice. It began with Abraham, the first Jewish person. It is Jewish belief that he made a covenant with God and was promised that he would be the father of a great nation. That nation became the Jewish people. Abraham and his sons and grandsons were called the â€Å"patriarchs†. They were Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson. Jacob’s favorite son Joseph was also an important part of the early history. It was because of Jacob’s sons and their wrong doings that Joseph ended up in Egypt, eventually leading many Jewish people into the land of Egypt. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a set of rules that people even today still follow. After Moses, the Jewish people had different leaders called judges, and then kings such as David and Solomon to guide them in the land called Israel. Jewish people lived in the land of Israel until 586BCE when they were exiled by the Babylonians. It wasn’t until 1948, about 2000 years later, that Jewish people were able to return to that land. History of Judaism: General Observations. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2004. Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service. Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C. E. Islam, which literally means surrender or submission, was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the sacred text of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were revealed to him from Allah. Essential to Islam is the belief that Allah is the one and true God with no partner or equal. Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shia, each of which claims different means of maintaining religious authority. One of the unifying characteristics of Islam is the Five Pillars, the fundamental practices of Islam. These five practices include a ritual profession of faith, ritual prayer, the zakat (charity), fasting, and the hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). Many Muslims are characterized by their commitment to praying to Allah five times a day. One of the defining characteristics of Islam is the primacy of sacred places including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims gather at mosques to worship Allah, pray, and study scripture. There is not a sharp distinction between the religious and secular aspects of life in Islam; all aspects of a Muslims life are to be oriented to serving Allah. Islam expanded almost immediately beyond its birthplace in the Arabian peninsula, and now has significant influence in Africa, throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (2006) and the Religious Movements Page at the University of Virginia. The writer will also state five similairites about each religion and five differences. one common thing to both is that there is originator of each religion. The people of each religion endured hardships in their beginnings. Each religion had a major prophet, Judaism had Moses and Islam had Muhammad. The prophets of each religion received their book from God. They are also all monotheistic religions meaning both religions believe there is only one God. Both Jews and Muslims deny that Jesus is Divine or the son of God. Both believe that at least at one point in history Israel was the chosen nation by God. They also believe in angels and demons. They also believe that salvation can be given through correct belief and good deeds. The only ritual that these two religions have in common is prayer. The differences existing between both religions are relevant and one should be aware so as to be tolerant of each. In this paragraph this writers main objective is to highlight the differences between the Muslims and the Jews. The holy book of Judaism is called the Torah. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran. Muslims believe that there are some more prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad, whereas Jews reject both. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the Seal of all prophets. Jew do not accept that. The Muslim diet is much less restricted than the Jewish diet. Muslims believe that God had abandoned the nation of Israel as a result of their sins. Jews believe that their covenant with God can never be broken. Having compared both religions the objective of the writer is further expand on of each. The common ritual in both religion is prayer and so it will be explained. â€Å"New step In Religious Education† by Micheal Keene pages 64-65, 1997. Published by Stanley Thornes. States Prayer is the most important part of Muslims worship. There are two kinds of prayer in Islam. The salah is the most vital. The salah is a sequence of prayers done with both action and words. The sequence is called the rak’ah. It is compulsory that two rak’ah are done during the morning prayers, four at noon, three at sunset and four at night. This is preferably done in a mosque or in any clean place. During rak’ah worshippers stand, bows , kneels and touches the ground with his forehead. During Friday prayers in the mosque the imam leads all the worshipers through the sequence. Prayers are said in Arabic . While they pray the entire congregation turns towards the mihrab, so they are facing the holy city of Makkah. Worshippers can say his/ her own private prayers at the end of the set of prayers. These prayer du’a , are said in worshippers own language. These are ‘prayers of the heart’ and end with the person wiping their hands across the face to show they have received God’s blessing. The most important paryers are the ones which Muslims join with others. Muslims are expected to pray all the time. All that is required is a clean place, as this cannot be guaranteed, however the strict Muslim will use a prayer mat, called the Musulla. The mat is use facing Mekkah, which is located using a compass. In every religion prayer is an important element recitation of prayers is the central characteristic of Jewish worship. A Jewish law was passed which states that prayer should be done three times daily: in the morning, in the afternoon and at nightfall. These prayers are called morning prayer (shacharit), afternoon prayer (minchah) and evening prayer (arvith or maariv ). At the heart of each service is the Amidah or Shemoneh Esrei. Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the Shema Yisrael (or Shema). The Shema is the recitation of a verse from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4): Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad—Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God! The Lord is One! Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a minyan. In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well. In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning, before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal, and so on. The approach to prayer varies among the Jewish denominations. Differences can include the texts of prayers, the frequency of prayer, the number of prayers recited at various religious events, the use of musical instruments and choral music, and whether prayers are recited in the traditional liturgical languages or the vernacular. In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services. Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah. In addition, many Reform temples use musical accompaniment such as organs and mixed choirs. Micheal Keene pages 62-63, (1997).